Mary Reid
Bio
Mary Reid was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on April 9, 1927. She fondly remembers playing with neighborhood children, even while growing up poor during the Great Depression. After graduating from high school, she enrolled in the Nurses Cadet Corps at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital of Nursing. When she completed her training in 1948, she volunteered to serve as a nurse in Korea. She now reflects on her service with deep pride and feels grateful to see how far South Korea has advanced. After raising a family, she joined the U.S. Public Health Service in the 1980s, serving largely the people of Bethel, Alaska. She was an active member of the Korean War Veterans Association #310, and wrote a book about her experiences in Korea.
Video Clips
Volunteering for Korea
Mary Reid explains that she volunteered to serve as a nurse in Korea because she wanted to break out of her sheltered upbringing. Service opened the door to a wider world, giving her experiences she had never imagined. She also felt a strong responsibility to give back to the Army and the country that invested in her training.
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Back to Busan
Mary Reid recalls traveling to Pusan by train and quickly starting work at the Army hospital compound. She treated wounded soldiers, stabilized them, and often watched them head back to the front lines. The steady stream of patients and the constant urgency defined her daily duties.
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Patients at the Hospital
Mary Reid treated a wide range of patients, including many soldiers suffering from worms, and she used medication to address their symptoms. She also sent those too severely wounded to stay at the Army hospital compound to larger medical facilities where they could receive advanced care.
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Video Transcript
Reid, Mary
45:44
Transcribed by: Jennifer Morgan on 11/27/2025
[Beginning of Recorded Material]
Mary Reid: My name is Mary Reed
Interviewer: M-a-r-y Reid. Middle name?
M: Well my middle name is Elizabeth
I: Elizabeth and then last name?
M: Reid. R-E-I-D
I: R-E-I-D.
M: I was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
I: mm-hmm
M: 1927. April of 1927.
I: April.
0:00:30.
What date?
M: 9th
I: April 9th, 1927.
M: Yes.
I: Tell me about your family when you were born.
M: Well, we were very poor. My father was from Tennessee and my mother was for Pittsburgh and when I was born we lived in Pittsburgh then. I had two older brothers and a sister.
0:01:00
M: My oldest brother was 10 years older than I was and so by the time I became aware and a little kid they were already grown so it seemed to me as if I was almost an only child and I always miss not having somebody else but we
0:01:30
were poor and we lived in in row houses on a hill and so I was never without friends because we played on the streets and in the in the fields. At the time the hills Pittsburgh full of hills so I was my mother would warn me when I would be going out to play not to go over the hill and
0:02:00
of course I didn’t till I got to the end of the row and around the row so she couldn’t see me and then I went over the hill because that’s where all the kids were.
I: So what was your father’s job?
M: My father was he worked for the University for Pittsburgh in the repair department and he was a maintenance
0:02:30
man and he was very well acquainted with construction and he could do anything in the house
I: Mm-hmm. So it was around the Great Depression, right?
M: I was born in ’27
I: ‘ 27
M: ’29 is when the Great Depression began so by the time that I was a child
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it was the Depression.
I: Right. Must have been very difficult.
M: Well, it wasn’t for me because I was so much younger you see, but it was very difficult for my older brothers and my sister because of course they were in high school and there was no jobs and so forth and so we as I say we were very poor.
I: Tell me about the school you went through.
M: I went to a small school local school that was as I said we lived on hill. To get to the school you had to go
down the hill and you also had to come up up the hill of course after school and so I’ve never forget if you want to hear a sad story i’ll never forget I was a little kid and I was coming up the
0:04:00
hill from school and it was there was snow on the on the road and it was slippery and the horse was that it was a milk cart and they used horses in those days that carried the bottles and the horse was was down and he was beating the horse and that picture has always stayed in my life and my mind all my life
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it’s just with such a horrible thing to see for a little kid to see okay so it was only once it you know but things like that stands out.
I: What high school did you graduate and where?
M: I graduated from Schenley High School.
I: Could you spell it?
M: Schenley, S-H-E-N-L-E-Y
I: Mm-hmm. What year?
0:05:00
M: That was 45.
I: What did you do after that?
M: Well, when I started high school I had a desire to to learn and I was very fortunate to be in the high school I was in they had very good teachers and they had a good counselor there
0:05:30
and the counselor asked me what I wanted to do and I said I wanted to be a teacher or a nurse. Graduate nurses were taken from the from the hospitals to go into the Army or the military.
I: So, when did you join this nurse Cadet Corps?
M: Well, it was after I had graduated from high school and that would have been
0:06:00
in ’45 that would be September ’45
I: So, even though the World War II ended but still there were a big demands for the nurse
M: Well, this was the last class of the Cadet Corps and so I was very fortunate to be in it.
I: Where was it?
M: It was in the the western Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing and I graduated in
0:06:30
’48, then 1948.
I: So, what did you learn there? How much I mean, what was the tuition and what did you learn?
M: We had no expenses at all the government paid everything they not only the the school and the resin and living in the nurses quarters all our food was provided even our uniforms were provided
0:07:00
M: and on top of that for the first six months in the cadet corps we had we were given a stipend of ten dollars a month and then after we were capped that was after the six month we we were then students student nurses and we were given twenty dollars a month and then at
0:07:30
the six months before our graduation we were given thirty dollars a month now this means thirty dollars a month in those days was a lot of money
I: What were you able to do with the thirty dollars
M: Well, I save most of it. I’m a saver anyhow, but I say most of it because I planned on going up to Alaska to see my sister and mother and the family up there and so I was saving
0:08:00
for that.
I: You volunteered. Your name was not on the list but you volunteered to go to Korea.
M: Right. I thought from the movies I had seen, the nurses were lovely and in white uniforms and [chuckles].
I: You might have lost your life in the war.
M: I have the war
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to be was the was real beginning of life because I had lived such a sheltered life and had done so little really that it opened up the doors of how large life can be if you allow it to be and
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I wanted to be in the Army because I felt not only because of the silly war movies but because I was very serious. I would never have been able to go to college or to get any education. We were too poor for anything else and when the government came along and offered all this
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to be completely free, I felt I owed the Army, I owed the country. And so when I went in, I didn’t feel that I was doing them a favor, I thought they had done me a favor and I was paying back and I feel today that that was the right thing to have done
I: Very good.
0:10:00
So, tell me when did you depart from where to Korea.
M: We left for at Fort Worden. Not warden, well anyhow. We left from Seattle on the James O’Hara, which was a. . . it was a that was used for transporting people and what we found not later
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a lot of those people who were on the street waiting to get on the ship you know, a lot of them were civil servants. Civil servants for the Army going to Japan and to Japan I suppose, and because they all got off on in in Yokohama only those who were going to Korea went on to Korea, so they were all
0:11:00
civil servants and that was one of the things that when the when the three of us would Pat Andy and I were looking for the fourth person that we needed for our cabin, we couldn’t find anyone that seemed to fit in with us. We realized later that probably the people we were approaching were civil servants. We didn’t realize. We
thought it was all part of the hospital,
0:11:30
so, but it turned out okay because we eventually gave up trying to find our fourth and just the three of us just stood there looking kind of lost because we knew we had that somebody else was going to be put in with us when this tall good-looking Irish girl comes up to us and starts to talk and there was no discussion at all
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we just looked the three of us, just looked at each other and we knew immediately this was our fourth and she was and we became a real solid relationship of four.
I: When did you leave?
M: We left, what was it? I, I don’t remember right now.
I: Was this summer ?
M: No, no,
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it was it was October. I know we got to Korea on the 7th of November.
I: Mmm, and so where did you arrive?
M: Pusan.
I: Pusan.
M: We went to Japan first we Yokohama and and then those for Korea we all got off there.
I: So what was
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your unit?
M: The unit was. . . when we when it was organized it was called the 10th Station Hospital and that was a was the most ridiculous situation you could ever think of because a station hospital in the Army is a is a stationary permanent hospital. The station hospital
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the general hospital is the ones that are in the states tho those were the big Hospital. The ones overseas were the were the station hospital, then he next one down is the evac hospital. Now the evac hospital, and then of course in Korea the MASH unit was developed, but there’s another unit in the in the
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field. It’s called a field hospital and that’s a mobile unit. The evac hospital is a semi mobile and the station hospital is a permanent hospital. Now they set us a permanent hospital with 50 nurses and 30 male officers to Korea which really the whole peninsula
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was combat area and turned out to be that way. But of course, we arrived in the 7th of November. The war was over because when 7th of November in 1950 was the end of the war
I: no
M: was the end of the war as we thought
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of it
I: Oh.
M: because the Inchon landing had provided the troops to send our troops up to the to the border. And, so we didn’t we had no idea there was that there was anything going oh we were coming in to set up the permanent we would have been the biggest hospital in Korea.
I: Pusan?
M: Yeah, and not only that but we were assigned to Shin-po which is North Korea, where we were to set up our big hospital. So, when we came in, however, with this huge unit, they had no place to put us. The people in Pusan, the 21st Evac Hospital
0:16:00
was in Pusan and so we were sent there to stage, but they had no place for us. What they did is they cleaned off the attic, painted the walls, set cots up, and that’s where they put us. Fifty people. Well, Major Abel and a couple of her assistants weren’t there, but the rest of us 48 of us were there.
0:16:30
And you couldn’t move without however many eyes wanted to watch you.
I: That was in Pusan?
M; In Pusan, yes. And then we not only that were we in the attic, and of course all we had was our foot lockers and that was our the only piece of furniture we had besides the cot. And we
0:17:00
had. . . we were told that the latrine we could use was on the second floor and there was a pair of steps that went on to this, that was on the third floor. We went on the second floor for the latrine and we were restricted to only going to that latrine we weren’t allowed to go into the hospital we weren’t allowed to walk down that second floor
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we were confined to the attic and to the latrine well when we gotta look at the latrine we were a little bit upset by that because we looked in the door and all we saw was a row of small sinks and on the wall there are a few commodes with very
18:00
limited shelter shelter about them they were mostly just not complete and so that was our and would we looked in . . . Of course we were children from the from the Depression we looked in and we took a lot of one look at that row of sinks and we said oh, oh, Saturday night bath.
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I: What about the facility?
M: Terrible.
I: Equipment?
M: Terrible.
I: Medicine?
M: Well, we didn’t have anything to do with equipment and medicine because we weren’t there to work. We were only there to stage, because they were waiting to send us up the Shin-po to build our hospital. So, we had nothing to do and
0:19:00
the there was no place to go because we were confined. To send a unit this large into that area was just not good thinking in the beginning. Third building was the what was used for quarters, and the officers, male officers were on the first floor, female officers on the second floor what we didn’t know was where the enlisted men were
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because when you walked on this compound you never saw anything that had to do with and listen and finally someone said where are we we were on night duty at that time, and someone said where are they enlisted? And some little voice from one of the other table said someone said something about over the hill and we said over the hill?
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Over what hill? And with that we said let’s go so we all got up and went outand started walking on the far side and sure enough we found it was a hill that had dropped right out and down on that second level were the greatest tents you ever wanted to see. All reinforced and they all had their own
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stove you know your pot-bellied stove and they they look so clean and we were jealous. And I’ll tell you with that winter with that those breezes worth blowing through our old school building, we find many times I going on and saying I want to tent. Of course, we didn’t, we wouldn’t.
I: What did you eat?
0:21:00
M: Well, food became a real problem with the four of us in particular because that’s what we knew about. I was better off than they were, because I could eat breakfast I liked oatmeal I was used to eating porridge I they had they would have this scrambled dry eggs you know and they had toast and they had coffee so I could
0:21:30
get enough for breakfast. The other three would not even go to breakfast.
I: Why not?
M: Because they just would need it and it ended up we were living on a tuna fish that our family sent us. Each family would send us a a box in a week you know, so we had four boxes through that we had a box a week of the food that we asked
0:22:00
for and that was tuna fish and crackers, cookies, relish, and . . .
I: You didn’t eat c-rations?
M: After a long time, eating the same thing over and over you get to the point can’t eat it anymore.
I: Soldiers on the front line
M: Yeah, but you know what?
I: They were looking for c-rations.
M: That’s well they had C rations, but they thought the hospital
0:22:30
food was wonderful because it was hot that it was wet and and all that sort of stuff. . . but we who didn’t have c-rations, we had all we had was . . . you had to eat the same thing day after day after day, week after week, I mean you get to the point you
I: How much were you paid?
M: I don’t even remember because
0:23:00
I had my money sent to the bank. I had ten dollars a month come to Korea for me and I always I didn’t use much of that.
I: Exactly, right where were you can use it?
M: Right, no place and that was surprising to me. Usually when you go someplace where there are women you know who do handwork and so forth they always bring the tourists and so forth they always bring around to sell to you the Korean women
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they never had anything to sell
I: When did you leave Korea?
M: We left a December of ’51. We left three, i think was three days, no we left the day before Christmas.
I: Okay
M: as we were in we were in Tokyo Christmas Eve.
I: Right.
0:24:00
so, what was the most difficult thing that you remember during your service in Korea.
M: oh, those those days what we didn’t know whether we were going to be overrun by the Chinese when they broke through. Those were scary days. There was nowhere to go.
I: Mm-hmm
M: And we certainly didn’t want to become prisoners of war
0:24:30
I: You didn’t regret the time that you were in Korea.
M: No. How could you do that? It was my duty.
I: You were not human being.
M: Of course, we’re human beings.
I: and you don’t regret?
M: No, and I don’t. I feel it was right that I should be there.
I: Let me ask these questions a little bit soft side of it what there.
0:25:00
Any romance between nurses and soldiers and so on?
M: There was no way you could. There was no possible way that you could. . . I’ll tell you something I had a an older nurse with the Second World War veteran and I we’re very friendly, and one day, one evening,
0:25:30
we. . . and it was in the summer, and it was a beautiful evening the big moon just like this coming up from the and the track on the water. It was gorgeous light and so we’re just the two of us are just standing there enjoying this gorgeous view, and she said all of a sudden the worst thing about being in
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Korea is there’s no place you could go for an immoral weekend. And that says it all there was no place there are always eyes around you.
I: Mm-hmm. Any particular patient or wounded soldier that you still remember and the reason why?
M: Yes, we had one come down from the north and how he ever got to us we
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would never understood that and we clean them up. They never groaned. They never grunted. They never said a word. And the first day, especially, it was very. . . nothing was said, but by the second day a few of them would try to communicate and it was just you know body language and so forth
0:27:00
but in that I we would have some of them laughing and we would be laughing and and just getting them ready because what are you going to do? They were dirty. They had to have surgery done. They had to be clean. The job was very simple to understand.
I: What do you mean by cleaning? Couldn’t they just bathe?
M: No, no, because the water situation. The amount of water we needed and the amount of water we had.
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what we were interested in was finding the wounds because we knew that the Turks fought hand-to- hand, and so you couldn’t. . . and they didn’t talk to us. And you couldn’t just. . . you know you had to look at them to see if there were any signs of wounds that would . . . so you had to look at their bodies and you had to clean the areas where would they had to be. . .but they were dirty I mean if there was nothing wrong
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with their feet or legs, we weren’t going to do anything with them. The areas we wanted. . . but the water situation was bad thing. And this was done potable water of course you understand that.
I: I’m sorry.
M: The water we would be using would be done potable
I: Potable?
M: Potable means clean run potable
I: Yep
M: Unpotable is dirty, but it wasn’t dirty, dirty you know.
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I mean when we cleaned them, we felt they were cleaner than they would have been if they’ve been left alone.
I: Yeah, and that’s all you did?
M: That’s all we did?
I: During your whole service in Korea?
M: No, only for the five six, six days I think. Six days we were in Incheon.
I: Uh-huh.
M: and then and of course you know in the meantime
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the the level of confusion and so forth was very high because the information coming back we didn’t know whether we were going to stay or be evacuated out or what was going on. We just knew something was terribly wrong. And then after a week we were put back on the train and that that kind of made me feel bad
0:29:30
because these civilians. . . the place was loaded with civilians all coming from Seoul and Incheon and all these places trying to get out and and then when they wanted us back and in Pusan, they just opened the way and we walked on the train and I like kept thinking those people have been waiting for
30:00
so long to try to get a train out and then we come along and take the space, but that’s what happened.
I: Where did you go?
M: We went back to Pusan.
I: Pusan? And then what did you do?
M: Well, we found one who got on to Pusan that we were put on buses and taken to this compound and then we found out that this was the rest of our
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unit. The rest of the 10th Station Hospital.
I: Ah-huh
M: Our male officers and the and the enlisted were there. And they were on this compound that had been cleaned up and very much so because they had stayed there that whole time when we were going up to Ascom City.
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We were going to Ascom City. They were hear in Pusan building, cleaning up, and building what will be the hospital
I: The station.
M: Yeah, well yeah. It turned out of course, it didn’t stay a station hospital, but it became an evac hospital. The the lines would would come down from where the fighting was going on
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and the ones that got into Pusan would come to the 21st Evac, to the 22nd Evac. There was a Swedish hospital down on the bay
I: Yep
M: There were of course hospital ships in the waters, so this is what we did with our patients with the ones who
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who had the more seriously would go say our hospital ships. We would keep, the evac hospitals, keep the patients that were able to be treated and sent back on the line. And that’s what we did.
I: Mm-hmm. So there in 22nd Evac you dealt with many American soldiers not just hurt Turks?
M: Oh, yeah, it was oh we only saw the Turks
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I: Only just for the six days.
M: Yeah.
I: But tell me about those patients and how serious the wounds were and. . .
M: Well, the ones that we kept, of course, are the ones who are going to get better. And they would be people who had, well, frostbite or athlete’s feet in the summertime. We would have them sitting out on chairs with their toes spread, and you know the feet are very important to
0:33:00
I: soldiers.
M: Yeah, yeah. Infantryman and anything to do with the common things that people live with like constipation, diarrhea, upset stomach. What we were worried always with abdominal pain we were always concerned was it an ulcer because with an ulcer you have a possibility of hemorrhage and so if you’re suspicious of
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that we would send them right over to Japan. We wouldn’t keep them. But if it was diarrhea or. . . worms we had tremendous amount of worms. We had really good were medicine and I’ll tell you those guys would come in with worms and they would be so weak and spent, and we would treat them with our medicine and in a couple of weeks to be a man again. As soon as they got their
0:34:00
strength back they went back on the line. It was from drinking out of the rice patties. Of course, and at one time I had a young one come in and I was scolding him about drinking water. I said you know better than that, and he came back at me with when you’re that thirsty you drink.
I: Yep
M: and I recognized no I was out of line in criticizing
0:34:30
his decision, but anyhow but that was the kinds of things, and of course we had surgery too, but it would be that what we would call “dirty surgery”. And so, but we treated it–dirty wounds cleaned them up and set them back on the line.
I: What did you feel when you saw so many wounded soldiers or were you thinking?
0:35:00
You volunteered to come to Korea, right?
M: It was my job. There was nothing to think about. It was my job, and when it really got rough and we didn’t know whether the line who was going to hold or not. And that, of course, was, where were we going to go? We were at the tip of the peninsula, all that was down there was water, and the only other thing
0:35:30
would have been prisoner-of-war, if the Chinese had been able to get across that river. And we never knew from they do. . . . We had been ordered to hang our helmet with the liner in, our our canteen with daily fresh water in it, and our helmet and our musette bag with our important papers
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anything important and a three-day supply for managing.
I: Where did you sleep and what was your living conditions there?
M: The compound had two old school buildings and one was the one we used for the hospital and then you know as a station, no as a evac hospital, we were semi-mobile, so we had big tents.
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we had tents with that held 20, held 90 cots, 70 to 90 cots, and we had 10 of those our compound. And they would all be full, as well as our hospital. In the building that we use is the hospital on the second floor of the building, downstairs was the surgery and the administration offices. but on the second floor was a medical ward and the
0:37:00
so between all these areas was what composed our hospital. What we found out later, however, was the only ones who were said to the 21st Evac Hospital when we got off the ship were we nurses, because our male nurses and our our troops our enlisted people
0:37:30
were not on the James O’Hara. Where they were I have no idea but they were not. We really did begin to treat soldiers huh on the day after yeah the day after we arrived in Ascom. It was a day what we would, let’s see. Thanksgiving was at the 27th?
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Then, it would have been the 28th that we stayed in, and it would have been 29th that we arrived in Ascom City, so that it would it would have been the 29th.
I: Yeah, so tell me about the situation how bad was it?
M: I was horrible.
I: Tell me detail.
M: The living conditions, I’m telling you was. . .
I: No, I’m talking about the wounded soldiers.
M: The wounded soldiers. Okay, so, eight o’clock in the morning, we reported to duty,
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and they said go to the main hall, main building. And the main building was what had been the auditorium during the Second World War where thousands of GIs went there to be entertained. You know how huge it was. We walked in there and there was row on row on row across this huge room
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with cots that were two together. Then in the army, if you have to double up on space like that, you have head to toe and and that’s what it was. They were filled, all those cots were filled with dirty Turks, dirty, filthy Turks straight off the battle line
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and they all had to be bathed. They all had to be cleaned up, so that they could have surgery done. Now these were not the seriously wounded you have to understand. We were in an evac hospital. The evac hospital’s job in the army is not. . . We take care of the serious that need the care, but our main job is they take care of the people
0:40:00
fighting the battles to get them back on the line as fast as you can, because there are lots of things that go wrong that can be treated very easily and sent back. And that’s what our job was to do, so that’s what we were doing here too. And we said how, how do you want us to do it? And they said two nurses, one nurse and each end of the line and just
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bathe, clean them up, and then go back to the other side.
I: When you arrived there and when you were all there, how Korea was to you?
M: Dirty, smelly, ugly. No color. When we left the ship and we’re driving through the street of Pusan I saw no no color
0:41:00
no lights. I’d look for stores. There were no stores. There were no gas stations, not even a saloon. Nothing, and only military vehicles. No civilian anything that worked mechanically.
I: What did you think about that?
M: I was amazed by it. Here it was 40, you know 1950, and there were no cars, no gasoline, no. . .
I: When you left Korea in December 1951, what were you thinking about the future of Korea? Have you ever , had you ever thought about it or what were you thinking when you left?
M: When I , when I left there was it was. . . our war
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in ’50-’51 was a completely different war that it was in ’52-’53, and so the only way I would be able to look at it was what I had known. And I just felt it would carry on the same way, but I felt we would eventually win, as we did being able to hold the Chinese back. That I felt it would.
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and when when Ridgeway came in, he had a different. . . well before Ridgeway would we were under Walker, General Walker. We were in retreat, and in retreat is not, not a pleasant thing to be in.
I: You know what happened to Korea now, right?
M: Yes.
I: How do you know? What do you know about Korea now, contemporary Korea?
0:43:00
M: Oh, no I’m I was over in Korea in ’09.
I: 2009?
M: Yeah.
I: So, tell me about it.
M: Was it ’09? ’08? ’06?
MALE VOICE: You and I were over there in ’10
M: Well it’s close.
I: So. . .
M: It wasn’t that long ago. I was absolutely astounded. I couldn’t believe my eyes. I couldn’t believe my eyes. For one thing, for all the color. all the flowers. Oh, everything
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and the big buildings. I mean this was just a whole new world. And the Korean people were different, they were busy and they were smiling. You know when we came in to Korea the living all wore the same thing little white jacket,
I: the little black scarves. . .
M: Not the skirt, they wore bloomers, looked like you know at the waist line
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waist and ankles. It was such a foreign look. It was from ’05, remember 1905? They hadn’t come past that, but they were very clean. They would take our our uniforms, our fatigues, down to the river and beat those fatigues other rocks and they would bring them back and they would be beautifully ironed and folded and just perfect
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I: Yeah, so what do you think about the Korean War? What is Korea to you now? You have such clear picture of before and after I’d what is Korean War to you? What is Korea to you? What is the importance of the Korean War?
M: Well, I think the Korean War was absolutely a magnificent example of what can be done if you live in the correct manner
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with freedom, and I know that the Korean people give us Americans a lot of the credit for for the freedom that you learned was available to you and made use of. And, I feel very a lot of gratitude to the Korean people for recognizing the part we
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played in it, and I think also it is such a wonderful demonstration to other second-rate countries of what we did with you
[End of Recorded Material]